Mastering Fiber Optic Technology

Interference, refraction, diffraction – oh my!
Is your amplifier lasing?
The whole thing can be explained by the behavior of ripples on a pond?
Do you know your ASE from a holey fiber in the ground?
How can you deliver over 500 Gb/s over hundreds of miles on one fiber with technology available right now?
Are your fibers good enough for your network?
Is it time for solitons yet?

An intense one day course that dives deep into every aspect of fiber optic technology. Starting with a physical model of electrodynamics in media at optical frequencies, the optic fiber is presented as a dielectric waveguide with an accurate and intuitive distinction between single and multimode fibers and resultant modal dispersion. Reflection and refraction are used to illustrate polarization effects. Interference is presented as the basis for optical filters, multiplexers and demultiplexers, and spectrum analyzers. Light generation and coherence are taught in the context of electronic transitions in atomic and semiconductor systems and used as the foundation to understand lasers and optical transmitters, PIN diodes and optical receivers, and Raman scattering and optical amplifiers. The evolution of the index of refraction as a function of wavelength provides the framework for an accurate understanding of chromatic and, for polarization mode dispersion, the effect of crystal and nonlinear effects such as birefringence, the Kerr effect, and dichroism. Advanced topics such as the use of solitons in communications systems, the optical switch, novel fiber designs and new modulation techniques are introduced to encourage discussion. This seminar can be modified to concentrate on your primary areas of concern.


This Course Will Enable Participants to:

  • Design fiber optic networks
  • Decide whether a single-mode fiber is necessary or if a multi-mode fiber will do
  • Determine the appropriate wavelengths of light for a given fiber
  • Estimate the distance a DWDM signal can travel before an EDFA is required
  • Calculate the maximum bandwidth for a DWDM system based on fiber quality and distance of transmission
  • Choose the appropriate test equipment for RnD, manufacture, and field testing
  • Predict potential problems with different network designs and implementations
  • Invent new amplifiers, mux/demux, dispersion compensators, and fibers
  • Figure out how new technology works for the next decade

This and and all other courses are available for On Site Training

WHAT THE COURSE COVERS:

    Part 1 – Review of the basics
  • Properties of electromagnetic waves
  • The index of refraction and dispersion
  • Summary of fiber optic network elements


  • Part 2 – The foundation – electrodynamics of continuous media
  • Dielectric response to electromagnetic fields
  • Electrostatics to electrodynamics – polarizability
  • Electromagnetic waves in dielectric media
  • Classical model of the index of refraction
  • Brewster’s angle and building intuition for light behavior in fibers
  • Wavelength dependence of the index of refraction: transmission and absorption
  • Nonlinear effects: Raman scattering, Brillouin scattering, Kerr effect, Pockel’s effect, Faraday’s effect


  • Part 3 - Fiber physics – the Optical Waveguide
  • Dielectric waveguides
  • Snell’s law and numerical aperture
  • Geometric optics: lenses
  • Modes of oscillation in optic fibers
  • Step-index optic fibers – the complete solution
  • Modal dispersion
  • Graded index fibers
  • Evanescent waves and directional couplers
  • Mode coupling mux/demux
  • Coupler manufacture
  • Optical impedance and fiber optic connections
  • Fiber connectors
  • Future fiber technologies: photonic crystals, band-gap fibers, and holey fibers


  • Part 4 – Passive components and Spectrum Analysis – Physical Optics
  • Interference and diffraction
  • Coherence
  • Interferometry
  • The wavelength meter
  • Filters, etalons, tunable filters, thin film demultiplexer
  • Periodic variations in waveguides and coupling
  • Notch filters, gratings, grating-based mux/demux, AWG, interferometric filters, monochromaters
  • Optical Spectrum Analyzers (OSA)
  • Faraday isolator, polarization based circulators
  • The optic switch: MEMS, bubbles, electro-optic, holographic, Brillouin
  • Characterization of passive devices


    Part 5 – Transmitters and Receivers: The generation and detection of light
  • Generation of electromagnetic radiation: spontaneous emission
  • Coherence and particle-wave duality
  • Energy structure of semiconductors
  • Physics of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and lasers
  • Survey of laser types and properties
  • Modulation direct and indirect: Mach-Zehnder modulators
  • Characterizing transmitters: power, frequency, linewidth, chirp/FM, modulation index, transmitter distortion, noise, reflections, Relative Intensity Noise (RIN)
  • Optical receivers: the physics of the PIN diode and the Avalanche Photodiode (APD)
  • Characterizing receivers: quantum efficiency and responsivity, bandwidth, thermal noise and dark current, shot noise and noise equivalent power, optical SNR, sensitivity
  • The future: optical computing


  • Part 6 – Optical Amplifiers
  • The physics of optical amplifiers: Raman scattering
  • EDFA design
  • The EDFA and other types of optical amplifiers
  • Characterizing EDFAs: Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE), gain spectrum, optical gain, gain compression, saturation, gain competition, noise figure, WDM gain, Spectral Hole Burning (SHB), Polarization Hole Burning (PHB)
  • Raman amplifiers
  • Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA)
  • Hybrid amplifiers


  • Part 7 – Dispersion
  • Intuitive grasp: dispersion and media polarizability
  • Index of refraction – transmission and absorption
  • Material and waveguide dispersion
  • How to calculated tolerable levels of dispersion
  • Characterizing chromatic dispersion in fibers
  • Four wave mixing
  • Chromatic dispersion compensators
  • Birefringence, dichroism and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
  • Polarization maintaining fibers
  • Mode coupling and polarization correlation length
  • Wavelength dependence of PMD: 1st and 2nd order PMD
  • Maximum fiber length tolerable to PMD
  • Characterizing PMD


  • Part 8 – The Future
  • Solitons – pulses without distortion
  • Stopping light
  • The soliton-hologram switch

WHO SHOULD ATTEND?

  • Engineers, scientists, senior engineering, physics and math students
"We Exceed Your Expectations!"

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