Definition
For a specified material surface, the energy difference between the electron Fermi level and the local vacuum level just outside that surface.
Application
Used in MOS electrostatics to relate gate and semiconductor work functions to the flat-band voltage.
Related concepts
Evidence and further reading
- Evidence from arxiv.orghttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.08188v3
- Evidence from chu.berkeley.eduhttps://www.chu.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Chenming-Hu_ch5-1.pdf